Risk Assessment and Mitigation of Flyrock Incidents in Blasting Operations

Abstract

Flyrock incidents in blasting operations pose significant safety hazards to personnel, equipment, and surrounding infrastructure in mining and construction industries. This research investigates the primary causes of flyrock events and develops comprehensive risk assessment protocols for Indian mining operations. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining field data analysis from 150 blasting sites across major Indian mining regions and statistical modeling techniques. Primary objectives include identifying critical parameters influencing flyrock distance, quantifying risk levels, and establishing evidence-based mitigation strategies. Hypothesis testing examines correlations between stemming length, blast geometry, rock mass characteristics, and flyrock occurrence. Results demonstrate that inadequate stemming, excessive powder factor, and geological discontinuities significantly contribute to flyrock incidents. Statistical analysis reveals strong negative correlation (r = -0.78) between stemming length and flyrock distance. Discussion emphasizes implementing burden-to-spacing ratios of 1:1.2-1.4, proper stemming materials, and blast design optimization. Findings recommend multi-tiered safety zones, real-time monitoring systems, and regulatory compliance frameworks. This research contributes to developing safer blasting practices, reducing accident rates by approximately 65%, and establishing industry-wide safety standards for Indian mining operations.