Esp8266 Based Ground Satellite Data Fusion System For Multi Hazard Early Warning

Abstract

Early detection of environmental hazards is essential for reducing the impact of natural disasters and supporting 
timely warning systems. This paper presents an IoT- and satellite-assisted            
environmental monitoring system 
for real-time identification of potential hazard conditions. The proposed system employs an ESP8266 Node MCU 
integrated with a soil moisture sensor and DHT11 temperature-humidity sensor to acquire continuous ground
level environmental measurements. The collected data are transmitted through Wi-Fi and analysed using a thresh
old-based decision mechanism to identify abnormal conditions. Ground sensor observations are further inte
grated with satellite-derived information to improve the assessment of spatial and temporal environmental 
changes. Based on predefined threshold conditions and fused observations, the system classifies environmental 
states and generates alerts through local indicators and IoT-based notifications. Experimental observations 
demonstrate the capability of the prototype to acquire sensor measurements, transmit data, perform threshold
based analysis, and generate timely alerts. The proposed framework provides a low-cost and scalable approach 
for continuous environmental monitoring and can be further enhanced by incorporating rainfall, water-level, 
vegetation, and ground-movement parameters for more reliable disaster-specific detection.