FEDERALISM UNDER FIRE: ANALYZING ARTICLE 356 AND STATE GOVERNANCE FAILURES IN INDIA

Abstract

This study examines Article 356 of the Indian Constitution and its implications for
state governance within the federal framework. While Article 356 aims to address
governance failures, its application raises concerns about state autonomy and the potential
misuse of presidential powers. The research highlights the tension between national integrity
and state rights, illustrated through landmark cases such as S.R. Bommai v. Union of India,
which reveal the judiciary's critical role in interpreting federalism and safeguarding
constitutional supremacy. However, these judicial interpretations also expose vulnerabilities
that may lead to arbitrary actions undermining democratic principles. The findings advocate
for a re-evaluation of federal governance mechanisms in India, calling for clearer guidelines
and safeguards against central overreach. A balanced approach is necessary to uphold the
essence of federalism, ensuring that state governments maintain their autonomy while
preserving national integrity. Addressing these challenges is vital for fostering a resilient
federal structure capable of effectively responding to contemporary governance issues.