Design and Simulation of Two-Floor Elevator Controller FSM Using VHDL

Abstract

An elevator controller is a crucial digital control system used to ensure safe and efficient movement of elevators 
between floors. This project presents the design and implementation of an elevator controller using a Finite State 
Machine (FSM) approach. In this method, the elevator operation is divided into well-defined states such as idle, 
moving up, moving down, door open, and door close. State transitions occur based on floor requests and sensor 
inputs. The primary objective of this project is to develop a reliable control system that accurately responds to 
user floor selections, manages motor direction, and ensures proper door operation. The FSM approach simplifies 
the overall design by clearly defining system states and transitions, making the controller easy to design, analyze, 
and implement. The system can be implemented using hardware description languages such as Verilog or VHDL 
and validated through simulation tools. This project enhances understanding of sequential logic design and digital 
control systems. It is highly applicable in embedded systems and automation environments where structured state
based decision-making is required. The proposed design provides efficient performance, reduced complexity, and 
scalability for multi-floor elevator systems.