A Comprehensive Review Of Emerging Technologies In Solar Powered Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The overuse of petroleum products, high dependency on limited fossil fuels, and the growing pollution due to burning of fuels petroleum, diesel, and other gases, demands the need for sustainable renewable alternatives. The Solar Freeways and solar powered vehicles offer the best solution in automobile industry. This initiative includes embedding solar panels in roadways to generate power for solar powered Electric Vehicles (EVs) and charging it wirelessly. This overcomes the negative effects of pollution caused due to burning of petroleum and other products of fossil fuels and facilitates in saving the limited fossil resources for future, besides it also supports smart city initiatives. The solar powered approach promotes national development, enabling Electric Vehicles (EVs) like electric cars, electric buses and other transportation modes to rely on cleaner electricity rather than fossil fuels. This review paper briefly explores various charging methods and charging systems for renewable-energy–driven Electric Vehicles (EVs). A micro-scale prototype demonstrates a wireless, inductive charging mechanism for moving Electric Vehicles (EVs), enhanced by optimized pre-installed solar panels. Vehicle-mounted coils enable charge transfer to a moving Electric Vehicles (EVs) without stopping the electric car. The complete system of charging comprises of solar panels, a battery, transformers, regulators, copper coils, AC/DC converters, a microcontroller, and an LCD display, illustrating wireless, road-integrated charging. The concept shows how solar-powered wireless charging could be embedded in roads to support Electric Vehicles (EVs) operation continuously, reducing downtime and fuel costs while promoting sustainability. Additional plans include integrating AI assistance and IoT connectivity to create a more intelligent, internet-enabled charging solution.